Garden Design: A History in Perspective Comprehensive history of garden planning Gardening: Garden Design Garden Design: A History in Perspective Comprehensive history of garden planning Garden Design: Pliny and the Renaissance Garden The Renaissance Garden at Pliny, and it's role in the history of garden design Garden Design: The History of Garden Design The French garden in its brightest form was the product of the Italian idea grafted on to the moated chateau Seach for Style in Garden Design The Search for Garden Design Style The Garden of Euphues, it's role in garden design Garden Design History: The Garden of Euphues Garden Design History: The Garden of Suggestion Garden Design Landscaping: The Garden of Suggestion reviewed Garden Design in America Garden Design in America developed on much the same lines as those in Europe Text Garden Design: Art of Gardening A garden is not a museum collection, nor a sort of pocket farm; it is a world made to our own measure. Garden Design: The French Monarchy The broad idea that the young Charles found acceptable on his first dramatic incursion was the very simple and attractive one of luxurious living Garden Design: Art of Culture It was because even Loudon realized that people did not think of gardening as an `Art of Taste' but only as an `Art of Culture' that he planned a series of reprints. The Garden of Euphues: Pyramid of Marble In the gardens were many marble columns and pyramids and a number of fountains Garden Design History: Chinese Garden's Design The habitable portions of China have been thickly peopled and intensively cultivated from very early days Garden Design: Garden Architecture and Function The medieval gardens were functional rather than ornamental. Garden Design: The Garden Walls A walled garden with its air of mysterious seclusion and other-worldliness can perform its miracle Garden Design: Natural Landscapes The premise on which this remarkable doctrine was erected is briefly that all art must be recognizable as `art' and not as `nature' The Garden of Euphues: Banqueting House These arbours were really garden rooms and were often both ornate and permanent Garden Design History: Gardens of the East Through the garden were many other pavilions, some on the hills, some in the little valleys Garden Design: Ornamental Garden Structures But though gardens were principally for use, they were also enjoyed, and some of the more elaborate ones developed features which were purely ornamental Garden Design: Garden of Dampierre Like most French gardens of this period we can know it only from the engravings of Androuet du Cerceau Garden Design: Geometric Shape Gardens Flower garden laid out in geometric shapes and the tree and shrub garden laid out on `natural' principles The Garden of Euphues: Tudor Garden Railed beds were a common feature of fifteenth-century gardens Garden Design History: Symbolism of Oriental Gardens One lake contained small edgy islands, bird-haunted, with special houses on them for the accommodation of the birds, some approached by wooden bridges, others by stepping-stones Garden Design: Medieval European garden The little space available for garden was divided into separate beds for each sort of herb grown Garden Design: Sixteenth-Century Garden Restoration was commenced in the first decade of the twentieth century by Dr. Carvallo, who replaced the moat and re-established the original levels and divisions Garden Design: Italian Style Gardens The Italian garden advocated by Price was the picturesque ruined garden of a painter The Garden of Euphues: Flavour of Gardens The flavour of these gardens despite their considerable size seems to have been carefree and frivolous Garden Design History: Morality and Taste in Garden Designs Let there be no formation in trees, no arrangement of rocks; no sumptuousness in the living house, and no contrivance in the human heart Garden Design: Hanging Gardens Hanging gardens frequently occur throughout the history of the area and there are still the remains of an elaborate terrace garden of the type at Shiraz Garden Design: Lakes in the Garden The royal garden set a fashion and other great lakes appeared in similar situations. Garden Design: No Shades Gardens The old disciplines were the quickest route by which gardens could emerge from their morass of formlessness The Garden of Euphues: True Pleasure of a Garden It is the greatest refreshment to the spirits of man; without which, buildings and palaces are but gross handiworks Garden Design History: Garden Replicas The garden was not conceived as a place in which to take exercise; it was designed as a series of set scenes, one succeeding the other as on a landscape scroll Garden Design: Man Made Hills With Gardens The association of man-made hills with gardens has significance more important than the interest of their origin Garden Design: Gardens and the Levels of Ground French gardens continued to be on level ground or upon very slight inclines long after the Italians had taken to the hills Garden Design: Garden Plant Material Physically the difference was in the plant material used The Garden of Euphues: The Magical Gardens The magical gardens of the poets in the Middle Ages were commonly in full bloom irrespective of season Garden Design History: Sensibility of the Gardeners The artist sees how certain natural effects are obtained, distils the secret into a few basic principles, and then makes use of these principles to obtain similar effects Garden Design: Growth of Gardens in Size Garden started escaping its bounds and it grew in size Garden Design: Knot Gardens There are two principal sources of the divided bed, the streams from which combined to form the `knot' Garden Design: Bedding Style It is difficult to say to what extent these more bizarre types of bedding-out originated in Germany The Garden of Euphues: The Three Divisions Nothing is more pleasant to the eye than green grass kept finely short' Garden Design History: Buddhist Gardens In a representational garden rocks were required to reproduce the crags and precipices of an ideal landscape Garden Design: Enclosed and Secured Gardens One primitive source of gardens was the rough enclosure of thorn with which man the hunter protected himself and his family from wild beasts while he slept. Garden Design: Garden Troy Troy lay safe behind her complex walls and the treasure of Minos was snug in a labyrinth. Garden Design: Greenhouses Designing enormous greenhouses and flowering for the first time in England the great Victoria Regia The Garden of Euphues: Use of Bosquets Beyond these alleys on either side there must be room for `diversity of side alleys' Garden Design History: Japanese Gardening It is said that Japan had an indigenous style of gardening Garden Design: Spirit of Gardens for Relaxation A garden was not only a sanctuary but also a temple for gods Garden Design: French Architect Du Perac It is wrong to suppose that flowers were gradually banished from the parterre Garden Design: Terraced Architectural Garden Shrublands for all its size and elaboration was and is an artistic failure The Garden of Euphues: Encouragement of Wild Flowers The medieval wilderness was not of this sort, but was rather a labyrinthine shrubbery Garden Design History: Hill Gardens The leading hill was often a representation of Fuji-yama, the famous volcanic mountain Garden Design: Garden Paintings In the absence of Gardens, walls, roofs were painted with garden scenes Garden Design: Proportion and Symmetry in Gardens Boyceau's book contains some of the earliest attempts to reduce the art of gardening to principles Garden Design: Shrublands Shrublands has little water and it must stand or fall by its layout alone The Garden of Euphues: Flowerlessness of Gardens Why give up ground to garden beds that will so long be bare and empty Garden Design History: Mountain Stones Stones and trees also have their allotted place in the flat type of garden Garden Design: Town Gardens Like the little town gardens, villa gardens also were Greek in origin Garden Design: The Forms of Parterre The Form of a Parterre partly cut work and partly green Turf with Borders. Garden Design: Villa Gardens The suburban villa garden was symbolic of the country estate men thought they would want if circumstances had permitted them to have one The Garden of Euphues: Botanist's Garden The interest in botany and the fever of collecting made many private individuals establish `gardens' Garden Design History: Tea Gardens The tea garden was a very specialized form of gardening indeed Garden Design: Gardens as Public Place They talked in the streets, they talked in the market-place, and eventually they developed gardens in which to talk Garden Design: The Garden Axis The transition from a garden that was still rectangular, disconnected and self-centered, basically medieval, to one that was conceived as a unit harmoniously composed about a central axis yet outward looking Garden Design: English Gardens They encircled and protected a world of green shadows, of croquet, and of afternoon tea The Garden of Euphues: Royal Gardens Vegetable growing made great progress Garden Design History: Spirit of Tea The tea garden should express `the sweet solitude of a landscape in clouded moonlight, with a half-gloom between the trees' Garden Design: Classical Garden There was little opportunity for the development of lavish private gardens Garden Design: Baroque Garden The gardens of the French seventeenth century have been called baroque The Garden of Euphues: Variant Form of the French garden A variant in itself attractive and in its implications of great significance. Garden Design History: Design Ingenuity The best remains of the earlier gardens are near Kyoto Garden Design: Greek Gardens Not unnaturally the gardens when they came were in outward form Greek gardens Garden Design: The T shape of Versailles Here we can recognize without difficulty the T shape of Versailles The Garden of Euphues: Mollet Gardens The final achievement of the Mollet type of garden was at Hampton Court Garden Design History: Visual Imagination All evoked by a few rocks seen against a back-ground of hedge and a few trees Garden Design: Roman Gardens These gardens were not Greek, they could not be Greek, Italian skies were not Greek skies Garden Design: The Royal Gardeners In France appointments to positions in the royal gardens were kept in a few families The Garden of Euphues: French Gardens Many of the fruit trees were dead and had not been replaced Garden Design History: The Garden of Suggestion Garden Design Landscaping: The Garden of Suggestion reviewed Garden Design: Gardens for pleasure and comfort of the owners The gardens were not extensive or elaborate and obviously had one purpose only ... to add to the pleasure and comfort of the owners Garden Design: The Famous Gardeners The genius of Andre Le Notre did not spring from uncultivated ground. The Garden of Euphues: Renaissance Grouping of Separate Gardens Garden Design History: The Garden of Euphues Garden Design: Small Gardens with Different Variety The broad picture is of an extensive plantation in which are secreted a number of smaller gardens Garden Design: Garden in a Glance Le Notre seized on one great principle that the whole extent of the enormous garden should be visible at a gasp The Garden of Euphues: Symmetry of Garden The axis vista was still usually there, but it now commonly took the form of an avenue into the park Garden Design: The Potentialities of Garden Material Arrival of topiary was a sign of a much greater awareness of the potentialities of garden material than ever before Garden Design: Gardens at Vaux The gardens of Versailles played a large part in creating the King who created them The Garden of Euphues: Land for Gardens The land was agriculturally rich, thickly populated and intensively cultivated Garden Design: Villa Gardens The ruins of Domitian's villas imply gardens of great extent Garden Design: European Garden of Versailles Palace being created for a garden rather than the other way round. The Garden of Euphues: Garden Irrigation The great majority of Dutch gardens have a canal to one side Garden Design: Principles of Garden Design The first of the moderns to lay down principles of garden design was the architect Leone Battista Alberti Garden Design: The Fouquet Team of Gardeners The amazing creation we call Versailles is not limited to the inflated palace alone; it is not a star but a constellation The Garden of Euphues: Outward and Inward-Looking Gardens The moderate garden, on the other hand, wherever it is found is generally inward-looking Garden Design: Garden - An Integral Part Yet the essential character of the Renaissance garden does not lie in any particular physical feature, but rather in the attitude to life of its creators Garden Design: Geometrical Planning of Garden Although the principal fountains and features in the great axis vista were changed from time to time he sought to avoid monotony by numerous secret gardens hidden amongst the groves on either wing The Garden of Euphues: Overcrowded Gardens As a compensation for its lack of extent and contour the Dutch garden sought variety and became overcrowded Garden Design: Gardening is a Fine Art Circles and semicircles, which in architectural features such as courts are very fine, should be echoed in the garden Garden Design: Lack of Water in Gardens Of all the natural disadvantages of the site the lack of sufficient water was the greatest The Garden of Euphues: Splendid, Sweeping, Rhythmic Patterns It is in the approach to detail that national characteristics can often be most distinctly appreciated Garden Design: Basis and Theories of Gardens The basis of these early Renaissance gardens lay in thought Garden Design: Vast, Grandiose, and Elaborate Gardens The magnificence of the effect could not be denied The Garden of Euphues: Garden Sculpture There were no ruins to guide them, no statues to dig up Garden Design: Gardens in Italy Gardens in Italy begin to derive from the gardens of Rome Garden Design: The Great Period of the Grottoes To the garden designer they became an escape valve through which his maddest fancies could burst out The Garden of Euphues: Small Scale Garden The gardens of about 1600 are those of rising burghers, not of decaying barons Garden Design: Use of Stairs in Designing Garden Use of stairs to link terraces and the employment of the stairs as a major feature in the design Garden Design: Naturalism, the Keynote of Grotto Making The four grottoes at the ends of the cross paths Palissy advised should be made of living elm trees, their leaves and branches clipped to shape, arranged as pavilions The Garden of Euphues: Sub-Divided Gardens These small gardens are not treated as a unit, but are broken up into numbers of loosely related sub-units divided from each other by wooden fences or palings Garden Design: Statues and Water in Gardens Garden's memorial purpose and Garden water play Garden Design: The Bosquets The destruction of the grotto gave an impetus to the making of the famous bosquets The Garden of Euphues: Vision of Garden The most extreme example of an Italianate garden in Germany was at Cassel Garden Design: Fountains and Water Displays in Garden Fountains, water tricks, and the sound and movement of running water Garden Design: Gardener Le Notre Le Notre never forgot that he was a gardener and not a stonemason The Garden of Euphues: Design Consistency The situation is flat and uninteresting, and this bizarre layout is supposed to introduce variety Garden Design: House and Garden House and garden ran together, forming so closely integrated a whole that it could scarcely be said where the house ended and the garden began. Garden Design: Garden at Greenwich This `poor gardener', besides proving himself an excellent man of business who conducted his own financial affairs with some discernment and provided carefully for the members of his family, was also a connoisseur of distinction The Garden of Euphues: Design Taste and Flavour The nearest thing to a distinct type of German garden was evolved in the neighbour-hood of Vienna Garden Design: Planning the Garden Design Although no garden presents a stronger unity in plan and in atmosphere, its making occupied nearly a century. Garden Design: The Gardens of Le Notre The gardens of Le Notre might easily be thought to be Vaux-Le-Vicomte served up again and again The Garden of Euphues: French Gardening Styles The inspiration that had flowed from Italy and Spain into France returned now in its final shape at the hands of a morose imbecile Garden Design: Garden of the Architect and the Garden of the Sculptor Lante is an unequalled example of the transition between the garden of the architect and the garden of the sculptor Garden Design: Chinese Tea House It was alleged to be a tea-house in the Chinese manner, but there was very little truly Chinese about it The Garden of Euphues: Reversed Vista Garden It turned the chateau from a place to be looked from into a place to be looked at Garden Design: Complexities in Garden Designing The plan of the garden has a certain simplicity despite its great size and complexity of its parts. Garden Design: Garden `Hermitages' Trianon came to mean an isolated summer house whether it were built of marble or of thatch The Garden of Euphues: Baroque It is generally within the grottoes that baroque forms were most at home Garden Design: Reflection of the Nature of the Society The public were not often excluded from the earlier gardens, but in the later ones hospitality itself became a gesture Garden Design: Garden of Marly Great stretches of thick woodland and dark alleyways were transformed with lightning speed into broad lakes Garden Design: Enthusiastic Gardeners The most perfect surviving Italian baroque garden is Isola Bella. Garden Design: The Garden Vistas But when the vista is lined with regular pavilions like an avenue of detached suburban villas the vista loses its coherence and the garden its singleness of purpose Garden Design: Isola Bella Garden Isola Bella in the sixteenth century was a barren crag, beautifully situated in Lake Maggiore, but a most unpromising site for a garden. Garden Design: The Garden of Chateau The effect of this peculiar design was to make the chateau look like one wing only of a gigantic projected palace wanting its central block and southern wing Garden Design: Climatic Effect on Garden The garden that evolved in Tuscany and Rome was almost flowerless because of the scorching summers Garden Design: The End of Le Notre Age After Le Notre nothing further could be done in the way of vistas and nothing further was done Garden Design: Collection and Study of Plant Sennacherib was a collector, and in his garden near Nineveh he gathered all the spices from the land of Hittites, myrrh Garden Design: Decoration of the Garden `The Renaissance first discerned and brought to light the full, whole nature of man', and much of its vigorous many-sided personality is reflected in the gardens of the cinquecento